For the kitchen in the catering industry, the smoothness of smoke exhaust is directly related to the normal operation of the kitchen, while the oil fume purification is only a mandatory function of purifying air in the kitchen smoke exhaust system. The reasonable matching of the smoke exhaust system and the purifier is the key to ensure the purification efficiency of the oil fume purifier, and it is also a problem that the oil fume purifier designers are easy to ignore. If the smoke exhaust system is not designed properly and the smoke exhaust in the whole kitchen is not smooth, the oil fume purifier will not be installed, even if the oil fume purifier is installed, it will not work normally.

由于在GB18483-2001中沒有給出關(guān)于油煙排風(fēng)收集系統(tǒng)與凈化器匹配的計算依據(jù)，因而在實(shí)際進(jìn)行油煙排風(fēng)系統(tǒng)和凈化器的設(shè)缺乏可靠實(shí)用的計算方法。掌握排煙系統(tǒng)的各部分特性及其對廚房整體排煙的影響，是進(jìn)行油煙凈化器選型和安裝的前提，對于保證油煙凈化器的正常工作具有非常重要的意義。

Because there is no calculation basis for matching the oil fume exhaust collection system with the purifier in GB18483-2001, there is no reliable and practical calculation method in the actual design of the oil fume exhaust system and the purifier. Mastering the characteristics of each part of the smoke exhaust system and its impact on the overall smoke exhaust of the kitchen is the prerequisite for the selection and installation of the oil smoke purifier, and is of great significance to ensure the normal operation of the oil smoke purifier.\

廚房的排煙系統(tǒng)主要由集煙罩、排煙管道、油煙凈化器、排煙風(fēng)機(jī)（含*）和廚房整體補(bǔ)風(fēng)裝置構(gòu)成

The smoke exhaust system of the kitchen is mainly composed of smoke hood, smoke exhaust pipe, oil fume purifier, smoke exhaust fan (including *) and the overall air supply device of the kitchen

油煙凈化器的類型和運(yùn)行方式可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行選擇。在油煙凈化器安裝之前，要對排煙系統(tǒng)中各部分的實(shí)際運(yùn)行參數(shù)，包括運(yùn)行阻力和排風(fēng)量進(jìn)行核算。如果是新建項(xiàng)目，在設(shè)要充分考慮安裝了油煙凈化器后對排風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的影響；如果是改造項(xiàng)目，在加裝油煙凈化器時需要對排風(fēng)系統(tǒng)重新進(jìn)行核算，必要時要對集煙罩、排煙管道和廚房整體補(bǔ)風(fēng)裝置進(jìn)行改造并更換排煙風(fēng)機(jī)。

The type and operation mode of oil fume purifier can be selected according to the actual situation. Before installing the oil fume purifier, the actual operation parameters of each part of the smoke exhaust system, including the operation resistance and exhaust air volume, should be calculated first. If it is a new project, the impact on the exhaust system after installing the oil fume purifier should be fully considered in the design; If it is a reconstruction project, the exhaust system needs to be re-accounted when installing the oil fume purifier. If necessary, the smoke hood, smoke exhaust pipe and the overall air supply device of the kitchen should be reconstructed and the smoke exhaust fan should be replaced.

由于廚房所在建筑物的格局以及廚房在建筑物中位置不同，有條件的廚房應(yīng)由建筑物的集中空調(diào)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行有序送風(fēng)。但目前所遇到的大部分情況是建筑物沒有設(shè)置廚房的送風(fēng)系統(tǒng)。許多帶餐廳、廚房等的建筑物，僅設(shè)計了集中采暖系統(tǒng)而無集中空調(diào)系統(tǒng)。當(dāng)廚房處于工作狀態(tài)時，排風(fēng)系統(tǒng)投入運(yùn)行，廚房內(nèi)處于負(fù)壓狀態(tài)，新風(fēng)來源包括室外新風(fēng)滲透和餐廳的空氣大量補(bǔ)入廚房。

Due to the different layout of the building where the kitchen is located and the different location of the kitchen in the building, the conditional kitchen should be orderly ventilated by the central air-conditioning system of the building. However, most of the situations encountered at present are that the building does not have a kitchen air supply system. Many buildings with restaurants and kitchens have only designed central heating systems without central air-conditioning systems. When the kitchen is in the working state, the exhaust system is put into operation, and the kitchen is in the negative pressure state. The sources of fresh air include outdoor fresh air infiltration and a large amount of air from the restaurant is replenished into the kitchen.

3.1無序送風(fēng)

3.1 Disordered air supply

無序送風(fēng)會造成廚房的工作環(huán)境惡劣。特別是在夏季，雖然餐廳內(nèi)通常會安裝一些局部柜式空調(diào)機(jī)以降低餐廳的室內(nèi)溫度，但室內(nèi)空氣補(bǔ)入廚房，并不能廚房的熱負(fù)荷并降低廚房溫度。由于廚房油煙較大，如果在廚房內(nèi)設(shè)局部柜式空調(diào)機(jī)以降低廚房內(nèi)的溫度，柜式空調(diào)機(jī)的回風(fēng)過濾則應(yīng)定期清理。

Disordered air supply will cause poor working environment in the kitchen. Especially in summer, although some local cabinet air conditioners are usually installed in the dining room to reduce the indoor temperature of the dining room, the supplement of indoor air into the kitchen cannot eliminate the heat load of the kitchen and reduce the temperature of the kitchen. Due to the large cooking fume in the kitchen, if a local cabinet air conditioner is installed in the kitchen to reduce the temperature in the kitchen, the return air filter of the cabinet air conditioner should be cleaned regularly.

3.2有序送風(fēng)

3.2 Ordered air supply

對于設(shè)置集中空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的建筑來說，廚房的工作環(huán)境能夠保證，其補(bǔ)風(fēng)多為有序送風(fēng)，靈活性也較大，在目前廚房的通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)中，多為以下三種補(bǔ)風(fēng)方式：

For buildings with centralized air conditioning system, the working environment of the kitchen can be guaranteed, and its air supply is mostly orderly and flexible. In the current kitchen ventilation system, there are mainly the following three air supply modes:

（1）餐廳空調(diào)為全新風(fēng)直流式空調(diào)系統(tǒng)，空調(diào)新風(fēng)送入餐廳，然后流入廚房經(jīng)排風(fēng)系統(tǒng)排出室外。此種方式投資較少，餐廳內(nèi)采暖通風(fēng)效果好。不足之處是大量空調(diào)風(fēng)會被直接排出，新風(fēng)能耗大，不利于。

(1) The dining room air conditioner is a fresh air direct-current air conditioning system. The fresh air from the air conditioner is first sent into the dining room, and then flows into the kitchen and is discharged out of the room through the exhaust system. This method has less investment and good heating and ventilation effect in the restaurant. The disadvantage is that a large amount of air-conditioning air will be directly discharged, and the fresh air consumption is large, which is not conducive to energy conservation.

（2）將組合式空調(diào)機(jī)組的新風(fēng)一部分直接補(bǔ)入廚房，一部分送入餐廳，并通過回風(fēng)機(jī)回到空調(diào)機(jī)。這樣可以部分解決新風(fēng)能耗大的問題，同時使用的靈活性也較大。可在廚房設(shè)置測壓裝置，當(dāng)廚房排風(fēng)機(jī)全部工作時，負(fù)壓增大，則回風(fēng)電動閥關(guān)閉，回風(fēng)機(jī)停，餐廳送風(fēng)大量補(bǔ)入廚房；當(dāng)少部分排風(fēng)機(jī)開啟或排風(fēng)機(jī)不工作時，負(fù)壓不是很大，則回風(fēng)電動閥打開，回風(fēng)機(jī)啟動，避免空調(diào)送風(fēng)全部被排出。

(2) A part of the fresh air from the combined air conditioning unit is directly fed into the kitchen, and a part is fed into the dining room, and returned to the air conditioner through the return fan. This can partly solve the problem of high energy consumption of fresh air, and at the same time, it has greater flexibility in use. A pressure measuring device can be set in the kitchen. When the kitchen exhaust fans are all working and the negative pressure increases, the electric return air valve will be closed, the return air fan will stop, and the restaurant will supply a large amount of air into the kitchen; When a small number of exhaust fans are turned on or the exhaust fan is not working, and the negative pressure is not very large, the electric return air valve will be opened, and the return air fan will be started to prevent all the air supply from being discharged.

（3）用兩臺機(jī)組分別為餐廳、廚房服務(wù)，其中廚房為全新風(fēng)直流系統(tǒng)，直接補(bǔ)充廚房爐灶的排風(fēng)，而餐廳為一次回風(fēng)全新空氣系統(tǒng)，這個方案能保證餐廳和廚房的空調(diào)效果，而且廚房和餐廳系統(tǒng)互不干擾，缺點(diǎn)是初投資較大。

(3) Two units are used to serve the dining room and kitchen respectively. The kitchen is a fresh air direct current system, which directly supplements the exhaust of the kitchen stove, while the dining room is a fresh air system with primary return air. This scheme can ensure the air conditioning effect of the dining room and kitchen, and the kitchen and dining room systems do not interfere with each other. The disadvantage is that the initial investment is large.

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